I learned in October 2022’s Breakthrough that the spikes of stars in high-power photos are called diffraction spikes. Why do they appear as two crosses at 45 degrees to each other? The diffraction ...

Reconstructing the phase of a field from intensity measurements is an old and ubiquitous challenge, known as the phase retrieval problem 1,2,3. It has found numerous applications spanning from ...

The vortex is ubiquitous in nature, spanning from the galaxy, ocean flow, to phyllotaxis. In electromagnetic wave, the vortex can be found in spiral wavefront profiles, representing the orbital ...

(Nanowerk News) Turning up the intensity of x-ray beams used to probe the atomic structures of materials can actually reduce the intensity of x-rays scattered from the material, a RIKEN-led team has ...