Learn how to calculate the combined ratio for insurance companies, including financial and trade basis methods, using loss and expense ratios for profitability analysis.

If you’re a business owner looking for a loan, your lender will be looking for your solvency ratio. Of course, if you have a startup and are new to running a business, you may not know what a solvency ...

The dividend payout ratio is among the most crucial dividend metrics for new investors to master. Consider learning how to calculate dividend payout ratio to learn the dividend payment measure ...

Small companies use customer satisfaction ratios or scores to track the performance of their customer service departments. They often incorporate scores of competitors to better gauge their customer ...

Subtracting your expenses from your income gives you your bottom-line financial profit but doesn't tell you how you're doing in different areas and how you can improve your operations. You should ...

To determine the profitability of banks, simply looking at the earnings per share isn't quite enough. It's also important to know how efficiently a bank is using its assets and equity to generate ...

Mutual funds' trading volume, reflected in the turnover ratio, affects their fees. High turnover ratios in actively managed funds can erode returns due to trading costs. Low turnover suggests a fund ...

A debt-to-equity ratio is a way to measure a company's financial position. What does the ratio tell us? How do investors use ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Hans Daniel Jasperson has over a decade of ...