Calculate dividends by subtracting year-end retained earnings from start-year retained ... in a company's 10-K annual report. Here is the formula for calculating dividends: Annual net income ...

If a company loses money rather than making money over a given period (i.e., its net income is negative), this detracts from any retained earnings the company had. To calculate retained earnings ...

Gross margin is the percentage of a company's revenue that's retained after direct expenses ... Costs are subtracted from revenue to calculate net income or the bottom line. COGS stands for ...