This process is called a clean install, which is ironic as there's nothing particularly clean about it: Microsoft has enshittified Windows Setup.

Performing a fresh or “clean” installation of Windows can improve responsiveness and performance on your PC if you have been using it for an extended period. The OS starts to lag after prolonged use.

Above and beyond the benefits of a fresh do-over, clean installing Windows 11 improves security, exposes new features, and more. With the Windows 10 end of support date arriving on October 14, ...