EDN

Common-sense frequency synthesis

At a fundamental level, the goal of any frequency synthesizer is, based on a given reference frequency, to generate a desired output frequency. They do so, usually, by dividing down the reference ...
Nature

Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis Techniques

Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis (DDFS) techniques have fundamentally reshaped the approach to frequency generation in modern electronic systems. By employing digital methodologies such as phase ...
EDN

RF synthesizer delivers ultra-low phase noise

Mixed-Signal Devices (MSD) has launched the MS4022 frequency synthesizer for next-generation radar, wireless infrastructure, phased array, and instrumentation systems. Claiming to set a new benchmark ...
Electronic Design

Phase-Noise Modeling, Simulation, and Propagation in Phase-Locked Loops (Part 1)

Some brief theory and typical measurements of phase noise. Standard analysis of PLL phase noise used by most CAD applications. How to produce the lowest phase noise at a PLL output. A standard design ...
Electronic Design

How to Design Very Wide Loop BW High-Performance PLL Frequency Synthesizers (Part 1)

This is Part 1 of a three-part series. As modern wireless communications systems (mainly superheterodyne radio transceivers) are now required to deliver higher performance than ever before, they’re ...