FPGAs provide increased precision and performance to mitigate disturbances found in typical laser test beds. Taking high-precision measurements, such as those for molecular and atomic applications, ...

Power supplies use control-loop circuits to produce constant voltage or current. The transfer function—gain and phase as a function of frequency—provides valuable information about a control loop’s ...

This application note discusses phase frequency detector characteristics that affect phase-locked loop (PLL) dead band and jitter performance. In PLLs that employ charge pump loop filter designs the ...

A switching dc-dc converter converts an input voltage to an output of a different magnitude and/or polarity with high efficiency. Typically, such a converter must be regulated; that is, able to ...