Any good athlete will tell you that the key to an exceptional performance is to imagine the task ahead and then to practice until the body can bring this imagined sequence into reality. Similarly, ...

For those new to fields like robotics or aerospace, it can seem at first glance that a problem like moving a robot arm or flying an RC airplane might be simple problems to solve. It turns out, however ...

The reactive controls we discussed in Part 1 are driven entirely by error. This is a bit like driving a car while looking out the back window. Your mistakes may be ...

In the nearly 40 years since electronic control systems first became common features of industrial machines, controls theory has necessarily evolved to keep pace with machine design. Early on, systems ...

The well-known and nearly hundred years old "proportional-integral- derivative"(PID) controller is a linear feedback control method which adjusts the input signal by ...

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...