The test, carried out in a harbour in November, demonstrated one approach to mining for polymetallic nodules, potato-sized lumps containing metals scattered on the seabed in vast quantities ...

Despite its critical role in modern society and urban development, the environmental and social effects of sand mining remain largely hidden from public scrutiny. The UN’s environment programme ...

Crypto mining is banned in Abkhazia, yet for years this energy-intensive industry has flourished, attracted by the region’s cheap hydropower. For Abkhazia, it comes at a cost. The region ...