The Holy Roman Empire rose in 800 CE when Charlemagne was crowned emperor, symbolizing the unity of Western Christendom. Over centuries, it expanded across Central Europe, balancing power between emperors and regional princes. However, internal divisions, conflicts like the Thirty Years’ War, and external pressures weakened it. The empire’s decline accelerated under Napoleon, leading to its dissolution in 1806. Its fall marked the end of medieval Christendom’s political order and the rise of mod